Egypt rulers7/25/2023 ![]() Egypt improved its army and weapons, they bred horses and added war chariots. ![]() The Hyksos had a lasting effect on the Egyptians. Meanwhile, to the south in Upper Egypt, the rulers of Thebes studied and copied the superior weapons of the Hyksos, captured and bred horses, and readied themselves for the day they would take back Lower Egypt. The Hyksos began to write in hieroglyphics and worship Egyptian gods. The Hyksos kings called themselves pharaohs and wore the double crown of Egypt. The Hyksos Kingdom, notice the cataracts to the south on the Nile River.ĭuring the Second Intermediate period, both the Hyksos and the Egyptians took on the ways of each other's culture. During this time, the Hebrews, also Semitic, migrated to Lower Egypt, and were welcome by the Hyksos. The Hyksos people spoke Semitic languages. In Upper Egypt, rulers from the city of Thebes revolted against Hyksos rule, and drove the Hyksos out of Lower Egypt. For about one hundred years the Hyksos ruled Lower Egypt, but the Hyksos were unable to keep control in Upper Egypt. The Hyksos established their capital in a city called Avaris, on the east bank of the Nile delta. With their superior bronze weapons, and powerful composite bows, the Hyksos quickly conquered Lower Egypt. The Egyptians had never seen war chariots. ![]() One theory is that there was crop failure and famine in their lands. We are not sure why the Hyksos left their lands and invaded Egypt. The Hyksos invade Lower Egypt, with chariots, horses and bronze weapons.Īll of this changed when the Hyksos, most likely a multi-ethnic group from Western Asia, stormed through the Sinai Desert on swift war chariots. Again, with no need to fear foreign invasion, why should pharaoh up-grade his weapons and army? After all, Egypt had had very little contact with outside people. In addition, Egypt's army was not equipped with bronze weapons, relying instead on copper weapons. These natural defenses kept armies and navies from invading. Egypt always relied on its natural walls: the deserts to the east and west, and the cataracts, or waterfalls, in the Nile to the south. The Egyptians always felt safe from foreign invasions, so safe, that they never placed walls around their cities. Hyksos in Egyptian means "rulers from a foreign land." This time, however, Lower Egypt was invaded and ruled by a group of people from Western Asia known as the Hyksos. The Second Intermediate Period was a time, once again, when Upper and Lower Egypt were divided. The captain however is worried about facing the pharaoh after his unsuccessful voyage. He tells the captain to feel lucky that he is alive and that he will see his wife and children. The story is about a ship's captain who has returned from an unsuccessful trading mission. One of his crew tells the captain a personal experience of being the only survivor of a previous sea voyage and shipwreck. ![]() One of the most famous stories from this period is the Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor. In the Middle Kingdom, Egyptians used writing to tell stories. Egyptians used writing before the Middle Kingdom for record keeping and honoring the gods and goddesses. ![]()
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